Masculine Identity in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay

Masculine Identity in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Vern L. Bulloughs article, On Being a Male in the Middle Ages, addresses how vital it was for a man living in the middle ages to be sexually active in order to maintain a masculine identity by explaining: Quite clearly, male sexual performance was a major key to being male. It was a mans sexual organs that made him different and superior to the woman. But maleness was somewhat fragile, and it was important for a man to keep demonstrating his maleness by action and thought, especially by sexual action. It was part of his duty to keep his female partners happy and satisfied, and unless he did so, he had failed as a man. (41) If we are to use this reference to†¦show more content†¦Kinney presents a good foundation for the Green Knights role in the story, but she fails to see that as the tester of Gawains masculinities the Green Knight must prove that he is more of a man than Gawain, not just his equal. The Green Knight validates his superior masculinity by proving that Gawain can not stop him from being a man. This is evident in this passage, which takes place after the Green Knight has had his head cut off by Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Yet the fellow did not fall, nor falter on whit, But stoutly sprang forward on legs still sturdy, Roughly reached out among the ranks of nobles, Seized his splendid head and straightway lifted it. (433-436) As you can see from the above quote, the Green Knight did not show any signs of being less of a man even though Gawain had cut off his head. This enforces the Green Knights fatherly identity since, according to Freud, a child has a fear of being castrated by his father for wanting to engage in a sexual relation with his mother. The Green Knight has proven that he is a father figure for Gawain by showing that he can never be castrated by his son. Therefore, as a father figure that is in possession of a masculine identity aboveShow MoreRelatedMasculinity : Portrayal Of Masculinity2222 Words   |  9 Pagesgiven society at any one time†¦ Although we experience gender to be an internal facet of identity, the concept of masculinity is produced within the institutions of society and through our daily interactions (Kimmel 2000)’ . As the type of behaviour and ideals that constitute as masculine vary depending on the social context of the time, the portrayal of masculini ty in Beowulf and SGGK (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight) will be somewhat different. Traditional traits that are commonly regarded as fittingRead MoreThe Popular Medieval Romance, Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1880 Words   |  8 PagesThe popular medieval romance, â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,† explores many aspects of the Arthurian legend, including chivalry, religion, and courtly love. Although the poem does feature many female characters, one aspect that the Gawain poet does not touch upon is the role and place of women in this feudal society; all of whom live under the objectification of a male driven culture. One might say that the women featured in this romance are focused on more heavily than that of other literatureRead MoreMen and Women in British Literature Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pagesand smart, while men are portrayed as being strong, masculine, and easily tricked. In many of the works covered in the course â€Å"Major British Writers to 1800,â⠂¬  men are advised to refrain from acting lustful, believed that it would harm their overall ability to succeed in whatever the characters aimed to do. An example of this is seen in â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† when Gawain is deceived by Lady Bertilak in an effort to prove that Sir Gawain is imperfect. The depictions of men and women are veryRead More Sexuality in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay5052 Words   |  21 PagesThe Complications of Sexuality in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Gawains travels in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight suggest a world in which home--i.e., Camelot--is normal, while away--the opposing castle of Hautdesert where Gawain perforce spends his Christmas vacation--is other, characterized by unfamiliarity, dislocation, perversity. And in fact the atmosphere at Hautdesert appears somewhat peculiar, with various challenges to normal sexual identity, and with permutations of physicalRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 Pagessonnets were written—the sonnet was the form of choice for lyric poets, particularly lyric poets seeking to engage with traditional themes of love and romance. (In addition to Shakespeare’s monumental sequence, the Astrophel and Stella sequence by Sir Philip Sydney stands as one of the most important sonnet sequences of this period.) Sonnets were also written during the height of classical English verse, by Dryden and Pope, among others, and written again during the heyday of E nglish RomanticismRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pagessummary or add a paragraph of generalizations and empty statements. IV. Language, Tone, and Voice Think of yourself as an apprentice (scientist, historian, sociologist, etc.) applying to a specific discourse community. Construct a ―professionalâ€â€" identity and voice appropriate to your audience, recognizing that you should simultaneously—and perhaps paradoxically—―soundâ€â€" like a future member of an academic community without losing your personal voice. ï‚ · Use discipline-specific language, concepts, and

International Business Case Discussion Free Essays

A green field development can be a best way to reduce labor costs. Intel could employ well- educated, reliable workers inexpensively in Costa Rica through the development of green field. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Case Discussion or any similar topic only for you Order Now The international site selection team is important for Intel because they should identify and collect the technical, economic, and environmental protection criteria, develop an evaluation plan, evaluate proposed sites, identify alternatives that meet the purpose and need for the proposed action, and make recommendations to the site-selection official. The various functions and expertise are necessary in site selection team because all site selections involve multiple criteria, it is important that the various members’ expertise be appropriate to the task. 3. There are some risks that Intel must assume as It enters into the development of a silicon manufacturing plant in a foreign country. First, The development costs a lot to start up. Establishing silicon safer semiconductor manufacturing capabilities Is an expensive endeavor, normally ranging between $100 and $300 million Second, This industry is very sensitive industry to time. Such an Investment Is projected approximately two years ahead of production demand. The world of semiconductor manufacturing Is fast paced. Production capabilities must be acquired quickly. 4. Intel supported Costa Rica financially through Greenfield development. Intel had projected an Initial $300 million Investment In a Greenfield development. To a small country such as Costa Rica, a $300 million Investment was equivalent to 2. 1 percent of the country’s GAP. Moreover, There were derivative Impact that this mode of entry had on the economy and the population In general. Intel also had some benefits room entering Costa Rica. They discovered high levels of engineering and software development capabilities that permitted expansion Into more sophisticated processes. 5. I think a acquisition strategy would make the company successful In establishing production capableness In foreign countries. International Business Case Discussion By kiths 3. There are some risks that Intel must assume as it enters into the development of a start up. Establishing silicon safer semiconductor manufacturing capabilities is an industry is very sensitive industry to time. Such an investment is projected manufacturing is fast paced. Production capabilities must be acquired quickly. Projected an initial $300 million investment in a Greenfield development. To a small country such as Costa Rica, a $300 million investment was equivalent to 2. 1 percent of the country’s GAP. Moreover, There were derivative impact that this mode of entry had on the economy and the population in general. Intel also had some benefits development capabilities that permitted expansion into more sophisticated 5. I think a acquisition strategy would make the company successful in establishing production capabilities in foreign countries. How to cite International Business Case Discussion, Papers

Princess Diana (652 words) Essay Example For Students

Princess Diana (652 words) Essay Princess DianaIn a changing world like ours today there is many uncertainties. There is one thing we are sure about, thats our own pass. When you look back at your life are you gonna see yourself as a leader or a follower? There is one woman from the last century, one that sticks out, to have been a leader for us. With the dawn of a new millenium upon us we need more women like Princess Diana to step up and become leaders in this changing world. Born July 1, 1961 near Sandringham, Norfolk. She was not born into poverty or had a rough life growing up. Her case was far from rags to riches story, like many want to believe. She was raised to be a good person, not having to rise above adversity. As a young girl she received her studies while she attended preparatory school in Riddlesworth Hall, in Diss, Norfolk. This is where she got basically what we get at our elementary schools. Around the age 13 in 1974 she went as a boarder to West Heath, in Sevenoaks, Kent. While studying there she showed talent as a musician, for playing the piano, dancing and domestic science. She was also once awarded for the girl giving maximum help to the school and her school fellows. In 1977 she left West Heath and went to finishing school at the Institute Alpin Videmanette in Rougemont, Switzerland. After the Easter term in 1978 she left the school when she moved to Coleherne. There she watched after a child for an American couple, while she began h er job as a kindergarten teacher at the Young England school in Pimlice, London. Like most teachers she didnt have a lot of spare time on her hands, but when she got the chance for a break her and her three roommates would go skiing. A sport Diana loved very much and tried to enjoy as often as possible. Bibliography:Princess DianaIn a changing world like ours today there is many uncertainties. There is one thing we are sure about, thats our own pass. When you look back at your life are you gonna see yourself as a leader or a follower? There is one woman from the last century, one that sticks out, to have been a leader for us. With the dawn of a new millenium upon us we need more women like Princess Diana to step up and become leaders in this changing world. Born July 1, 1961 near Sandringham, Norfolk. She was not born into poverty or had a rough life growing up. Her case was far from rags to riches story, like many want to believe. She was raised to be a good person, not having to rise above adversity. As a young girl she received her studies while she attended preparatory school in Riddlesworth Hall, in Diss, Norfolk. This is where she got basically what we get at our elementary schools. Around the age 13 in 1974 she went as a boarder to West Heath, in Sevenoaks, Kent. While studying there she showed talent as a musician, for playing the piano, dancing and domestic science. She was also once awarded for the girl giving maximum help to the school and her school fellows. In 1977 she left West Heath and went to finishing school at the Institute Alpin Videmanette in Rougemont, Switzerland. After the Easter term in 1978 she left the school when she moved to Coleherne. There she watched after a child for an American couple, while she began h er job as a kindergarten teacher at the Young England school in Pimlice, London. Like most teachers she didnt have a lot of spare time on her hands, but when she got the chance for a break her and her three roommates would go skiing. A sport Diana loved very much and tried to enjoy as often as possible.

Transformational Leadership in Human Resource Management

Introduction The business environment is highly dynamic. High stakes in management have been raised rendering the traditional management theories ineffective and compelling new revitalized approach to organizational management. The human capital is the most important agent of change, innovation, and excellence in service in today’s business environment (Burns, 1979, p. 56).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership in Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, human resource management is no longer regarded as a factor of production but a business partner in the pursuit of the goals and objectives of organizations. This research proposal highlights the change in human resource management required given the current trends in business. Transformational leadership is the required ingredient to human resource management for effective realization of organizational goals. Discussion Organizations have realized that human capital is the most important driver for change to the extent that it facilitates the creation and maintenance of sustainable competitive advantage in an organization. Leadership style adopted by an organization is an important people management factor that the style of leadership as indicated by Bass et al. (2003, p. 102) sets the tone in every aspect of people management from performance management to organizational culture adopted and practiced everyday in the workplace. A study by Hay Foundation as explained in Berman et al. (2006, p. 99) examined over 75 components that promote employee satisfaction. It identified trust and confidence in leadership as the most important factors of promoting employee satisfaction and job commitment. The study also showed that effective communication was the most important leadership vehicle for winning workers’ loyalty, trust and confidence. The classical theories are no longer applicable in the management of people and specifically employees in organizations. These theories were autocratic and failed to realize that human capital has an important role to play in the performance and growth of an organization. Many organizations have embarked on using a modern theory of transformational leadership in managing their employees. According to Inkson Kolb (2002, p. 69), one of the theories that successful organizations have adopted in the recent past is transformational theory. Transformational theory makes possible for individuals to redefinition of vision and mission, and refocuses on their pledge and the reformation of their systems for objective achievement. â€Å"A relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents† (Samson Raft, 2008, p. 79). It is a process where leaders and followers create a mutual and collective approach to management by emphasizing upon one philosophy, vision, high standards of morality and performance. Transformational leadership style essentially transforms every worker into a leader; it is squarely pegged on egalitarian culture, empathy and self – management.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The use of this type of leadership inhuman resource management will guide organizations to higher levels of performance. The modern organization employing transformational type of leadership usually applies its four components to their management styles to produce excellent out come for the organizations. According to Samson Raft (2009, p. 80), transformational leadership can be applied in the top management of the organization. To begin with, the management should act as role models to inspire and motivate the employees. Through the application of charisma, the management will depict admirable behavior towards employees. They can also in spire and motivate their employees by coming up with vision and mission for the organization that include employees. By making the employees internalize the goals of the company, the human resource management can match the goals of organization and employees’ goals therefore making them achievable (Burns, 1979, p. 121). Human resource management ensures that there is a good compensation package for employees. According to Berman, (2006), when a company is doing well financially by generating more revenue, it commits a substantial part of it to improve the working conditions of its employees as well as raising their salaries. It also employs the best human resource personnel that manage the employee welfare well. Additionally, they improve working conditions so that employees find no reason to complain again. Through promotion strategies, employees gain a sense of belonging and they feel they are valued hence better performance of an organization. The employment of an effectiv e human resource management team is very important. Best performing organizations have efficient and effective human resource management skills. This has enabled increased communication in such organizations thus reducing the cases of employee-employer misunderstanding. According to Samson Raft (2009), an effective human resource management is vital for the dealing with case of collective bargaining. An organization with an effective human resource management rarely experiences strike. The effective management takes into consideration core values like putting the employee first. This is because the employee is a factor of production like capital and the output of the firm is because of the employees’ hard work. Therefore, the employees’ needs and values should be seriously handled (Samson Raft, 2009). The human resource management should challenge employees’ assumptions while stimulating and encouraging creativity at the work place. Above all, the employees sh ould be appreciated for their achievements. The human resource management should come up with mechanisms to recognize, appreciate, and reward extraordinary employee efforts at the work place. This will encourage more productivity and lead to higher performance of the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership in Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Winkler (2009, p. 145) argues that through the employment of the four major components of transformational leadership in the organization, employees will be transformed to leaders in their respective fields of work and all parties will benefit the organization, the management and the employees. The organization will increase its competitive advantage and therefore become more profitable. Higher profits will translate to higher rewards to employees and the management in terms of better compensation packages. Conclusi on The world has changed with globalization and technology transforming the business environment. Many organizations have now turned to transformational management for human resource management. This is because the use of this type of leadership enables organizations to change their employees into leaders in their field of specialization and therefore increasing the competitiveness of the organization. The four components of transformational leadership are applied in shaping the employees and matching their goals to those of the organization. The management acts as role models and employees follow, as the competitive advantage is increase leading to the benefit of all parties (the employees, the management, and the organization). References Bass, B. et al. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (2), 207-218. Berman, M., James, S., Jonathan, P. Montgomery, W. (2006). Human Resource Management in Public Service: Paradoxes, Processes, and Problems. New York, NY: Sage Publications. Burns, J. (1979). Leadership. New York, NY: Prentice Hall. Inkson, K. Kolb, D. (2002). Management: perspectives for New Zealand. 3rd Ed. New York, NY: Prentice Hall.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Samson, D. Raft, R. (2009). Management: Asia pacific edition. 3rd Ed. Victoria: Cengage. Winkler, I. (2009). Contemporary leadership theories: Enhancing the understanding of the complexity, subjectivity, and dynamic of leadership. Philadelphia, PL: WB Saunders Press. This essay on Transformational Leadership in Human Resource Management was written and submitted by user Alia Craft to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Experiment Onion Cell-Biology Essays

Experiment Onion Cell-Biology Essays Experiment Onion Cell-Biology Paper Experiment Onion Cell-Biology Paper Obtain a sheet of lens tissue paper with lens cleaning solution and clean all the lenses of your microscope gently. Obtain a microscope glass slide. Hold It by the edges and wet It with water. Wipe both sides dry with a paper towel. Always hold the slide by the edges or you will leave fingerprints on the slide. Clean the coveralls in a similar manner. Using the medicine dropper, place one drop of water near the centre of the glass slide. This water is called a mounting medium. It helps produce a clear image. Hold a piece of onion bulb scale so that the concave inner) surface faces you. Then snap it backwards as shown in figure 2. You should now be able to see a thin, transparent skin or epidermis, on the concave surface. Use the tweezers or your fingernails to pull Off piece of this epidermis. Place the piece of epidermis in the drop of water. Avoid wrinkling the epidermis. If wrinkles develop, use the tweezers to gently unwrinkled the tissue without tearing it. Hold a coveralls by the edges and lower one edge so that it touches one side of the drop of water at an angle of about 450. See figure 3 for a visual guide to these procedures. Slowly lower the cover slip by supporting the upper edge with a pencil or dissecting needle. This will prevent the trapping of air bubbles under the coveralls which interferes with your viewing. A few small air bubbles will not cause serious problems. Do not confuse air bubbles with your specimen. Air bubbles appear as circular objects with thick dark lines under the microscope. Examine the sample under low power (xx ocular for a total magnification of xx). Follow the procedure you learned in the previous lab to properly focus on the specimen. Dont forget to adjust the lighting to see the most detail possible in your specimen. Move the slide around until you find a group of cells that clearly show their cell contents. Select one cell that appears to be the best for viewing and move it to the centre of the field of view. Switch to medium power. Be careful to observe that the lens does not touch the coveralls by looking at the stage from the side while you rotate the incipience. Refocus with the fine adjustment knob only once the medium power ocular is in place. Draw a small group (not the entire specimen) of onion skins cells. Remember to follow proper biological drawing rules as you draw your cells. A sample drawing as been provided with this lab. Prepare a second wet mount of the onion epidermis. This time use the iodine solution as the mounting medium. This solution is a stain its purpose is to make some parts to stand out. Finding a good group of cells. Centre this group and change to medium power. Centre a single cell before moving to high power Refocus the image with only the fine adjustment knob. Focus up and down carefully to see details on one cell. Adjust the lighting with the diaphragm control. Draw a single onion skin cell following proper biological drawing rules. Read the discussion questions and answer the questions as you work on your sketches. Clean and put away your microscope. Clean and put away the glass slides and coveralls. Wash the counter tops off and make sure all the pieces of onion skin are placed in the garbage. Discussion Questions 1. Describe the shape off single cell of an onion epidermis. 2. Describe the arrangement of the cells with respect to one another. 3. Describe the cytoplasm (cell fluid) off cell. Include color, clearness, and evidence of any motion. The outer edge of the cytoplasm is called the plasma membrane or cell membrane. It is difficult to see since it is normally pushed tightly against the cell wall. 4. Describe the nucleus off cell. If you saw them, include descriptions of the nuclear membrane, nucleoluss, and nucleoli (there may be several). Are the nuclei always in the same position in the cell? 5. Describe how the iodine stain that you used helped you see the cellular detail. 6. The empty spaces that you saw in the cytoplasm are called vacuoles. The contain mainly water and dissolved substances. Each vacuole is surrounded by part of the cytoplasm called a vacuole membrane. 7. You probably noticed that some cells had only one vacuole that filled most of the cell. Explain why the nucleus in those cells was so close to the cell wall. The droplets in the cytoplasm are the oil that gives onions their smell and make your eyes run. Describe an oil droplet. 8. Estimate the length of a single cell in micrometers (pm) using the method described in class. Use the diameter of the field of view for your objective used before making your calculations. 9. Label all the parts off cell that you can see such as the cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, nucleoluss, vacuole, vacuole membrane, oil droplet. Make sure you follow proper labeling rules check the exemplar provided to be sure.

The Best Questions to Ask When Switching Careers

The Best Questions to Ask When Switching Careers When enthusiasm and passion for your career turns to apathy and discontent, it may be time to move on to the next opportunity. There are benefits to a job change- such as leaving your comfort zone, diversifying your skills, and taking a chance on your own ambitions- but it’s also important to consider the risks and determine whether it’s worth the trade-off. This is especially true if you’re switching careers, where you may need to take a demotion or step back, starting in a lower position to make your way back up the latter. Before jumping into your new career, ask yourself these five questions, all of which will help you figure out exactly what you want and need.â€Å"Do I Need More Opportunity to Grow?†A common cause of job dissatisfaction is boredom and lack of engagement because your experience or skills are underused. In this case, Fast Company suggests considering whether there’s still room for growth in your current position, or if youâ€⠄¢ve â€Å"maximized the opportunities for advancement.† To remain engaged, motivated and empowered in a career, you need responsibilities that can help you stretch and progress.This may be possible in your current position, avoiding the need to switch jobs or careers. Express concerns with your manager and see if there’s a promotion opportunity, or even a chance to step up or lead on a new project. If your current job doesn’t offer the potential for growth, it’s time to seek one that does.  Ã‚     Ã¢â‚¬Å"Am I Afraid to Do What I Really Want?† According to a 2016 fears survey, personal failure is the number one fear among Americans. This intense aversion to the idea of failing keeps you stagnant, detached, complacent and timid to make any change that disrupts the status quo- even when it’s a change that could improve your situation long-term, like a new job or career change.Instead of allowing fear and uncertainty to hold you back, be int entional about gaining both the confidence and courage to bet on yourself. Consider what you really want to do, and whether it’s feasible at this point in your career. In most cases, it is.Note that it may be helpful to find a mentor and learn how they got started and how your current experience could be valuable in this new career. They’re guidance will allow you to get started on the right foot and set reasonable expectations.â€Å"What Skills Do I Need?†A lack of formal training or experience in the career you want to pursue doesn’t mean you’re unqualified. Forbes points out that skills honed in your current position may also be transferable to your new role. The key is knowing how to present those skills on your resume to show you’re prepared for this new career or job. Here are a few tips from Resume Genius for making your skills stand out:Quantify when possible. Instead of â€Å"Types fast† say â€Å"WPM Typist.†Instead o f listing â€Å"Proficient with Adobe† list the specific tools: â€Å"Proficient with Illustrator and Indesign.†List most important skills for position first.Include examples of how you use those skills, if possible.Finally, consider whether you should list your technical skills at the top or bottom of your resume: â€Å"Most job seekers end up choosing a resume template  that places their relevant skills closer to the bottom, but  for some specific industries listing them at the top is very effective,† explains Resume Genius. These industries include:Information TechnologyGraphic DesignManufacturingTechnical WritingEngineeringâ€Å"How Can I Meet the Right People?†Professional contacts in your field of interest can be assets during the transition period, offering recommendations, answering questions, and introducing you to the right companies. If you don’t have these contacts already, the first step in switching careers is finding them by sett ing up meetings and attending networking events. It may sound like a lot of work, and it can be, but in the end, it’s worth it:â€Å"Finding people who challenge your ideas, push you to be better and give you developmental feedback- the trifecta for success and growth- requires hard work,† notes Ted Rollins, long-time entrepreneur recognized by Inc. 500. â€Å"So find events, both networking and otherwise, where you can connect with people who cross geographical, organizational and hierarchical lines, then you’ll be on a path to success.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Am I Willing to Start from Scratch?†Regardless of your current rank in the pecking order, when switching to another industry, it’s often unavoidable that you’ll need to start from the bottom. If this new role requires a degree of expertise outside your wheelhouse, prepare to accept an entry-level position rather than overshooting based on your former credentials. Remind yourself that this will l ikely be challenging:â€Å"You might be leaving behind a reputation, and sets of skills that you worked hard to build. When you take a risk like that, it can be doubly frustrating when things don’t happen right away, or you don’t get the level of job or salary that you were hoping for. So as you go into it, take a deep breath and understand that there will be challenges,† says Kate Lopaze, another contributor for The Job Network.Besides, a positive attitude, eagerness to learn and diligent work ethic can help you advance faster than a sense of entitlement and inflated ego.Is it time to switch careers?If you feel that a career move would be in your best interest, after considering these questions, then embrace the change and trust in your own abilities to succeed. Form relationships with others who can point you toward actualizing your objectives, use resources like LinkedIn and job posting websites to make yourself visible to recruiters, and continue honing the skills and confidence needed to forge ahead on this next phase of your career.BIO: Jessica Thiefels has been writing for more than 10 years, is currently a full-time writer, content marketing consultant and business owner. She’s also no stranger to career changes, having gone through 5 jobs in 5 years. She’s been featured in Forbes and Business Insider and has written for Manta, Virgin, Glassdoor and more. Follow her on Twitter @Jlsander07 and connect LinkedIn.

The Immigration Experience of Vietnamese Americans Essay

The Immigration Experience of Vietnamese Americans - Essay Example However these people have strongly come back and made their place in the United States of America. This article would further discuss the Vietnamese Americans in detail. In 1975 Vietnam was undergoing a war which came to an end. This war even after ending left its effect on the Vietnamese people. The government which was supporting the people of Vietnam was now about to change and this created an atmosphere of insecurity for the Vietnamese people. In 1975 the first group of immigrants of Vietnamese people left their country. These people at first migrated to the refugee centers developed by the government of United States. However after some legislations were introduced these refugees were allowed to properly live in America. The era of immigrants did not end here as the new government started taking strict actions against the people of Vietnam. This further encouraged the Vietnamese people to leave their own land and migrate to America. As more and more immigrants were fleeing to United States the state restricted the entry of these people after a certain limit. However this step taken by the government of America harmed the people of Vietnam and f urther helped the new government in Vietnam to take proper actions against them. The journey of immigration for the Vietnamese people did not end here as living on the soil of America was more difficult then expected by them. The people belonging to Vietnam were equipped with a strong culture which was to be followed. This culture had rules which were not seen by the Americans previously. And this culture only made their immigration and the settling journey harder. The culture of Vietnamese people did not allow their women to work but after coming to America the men had to let go off their culture and let their women work to earn a living. This was another blow to the Vietnamese people for settling. However the people of Vietnam did not lose hope and kept on with their struggle. These people not only faced hardships economically but also socially. The children belonging to Vietnam were not able to properly talk in English and found it difficult when conversing with a native. On the other hand the education given in America was through the medium of English and this factor made the children of Vietnam leave behind in the education sector also. The people of Vietnam had strong differences in culture to that of the natives and this posed another difficulty for these Vietnams to settle in America. The people of Vietnam were not only faced by the problem of differing cultures but also with the problem of discrimination. The natives did not like the arrival of these immigrants from Vietnam and this made it even more difficult for the Vietnamese people to settle in America. The natives did not like the Vietnamese people due to the fact that they were taking over the economics and the industrial unit of America. Thus this posed another problem to the Vietnamese people. However after a series of hardships the Vietnamese people grew in numbers and took over America. These people after a long time started to settle properly on the soil of America. The children of Vietnamese people were given special instructions by their parents to learn English. They have even arranged special classes of English for their children. This has helped the children of Vietnam to increase their knowledge and enhance their educational level.

Applied research methods Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Applied methods - Research Proposal Example Opening up another store is a part of the rigorous expansion plan that the business has on its cards (http://www.debenhams.com). Debenhams plc is a UK based retailing business, operating as a departmental store within UK and across various countries. It is also listed at the LSE by the symbol DEB. The business was formed centuries back in 1778. As of April 2009, the company owned over 150 outlets and 40 franchises (http://www.debenhams.com). The revenues for the firm, for the year 2008, exceeded GBP 1.8 billion, while operating income was in excess of GBP 170 million; the net income figure remained over GBP 70 million, with an employee base of over 27,000 individuals (http://www.debenhams.com). Based on the above discussion, it can be stated that the aim of this research is to conduct the various research techniques, primarily the questionnaires and focus groups on the prospect customers and interviews from the company officials (as the later chapter of proposed study states). The underlying objective of the research would be to realize the realistic conditions and ground realities amongst the prospect customers that are they actually in a welcome mode for a new store in their respective region. It is important to absorb as many subtle cultural comments about the proposed stores as possible, so a relaxed survey and focus group environment is essential, yet the retailing concept being discussed must be as realistic to the respondent as possible. The absolute ideal situation would be to conduct the surveys in a complete simulation of the real version of the store being proposed, including fully-stocked display racks, lighting, flooring, sounds, smells, air conditioning, cash registers etc. and with realistic prices, so that the customer gets a clear idea of what they are being asked to pay for and why. If a full-scale mock-up is unaffordable a large-screen presentation of a virtual simulation of a store would be prove critical. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Retailing and Retail Business Dunne (2004, p 52) states, and is agreed by various authors such as Findlay (2002, p 105), Bruce (2004, p 60), Hinfelaar (2004, p 90) and Cateora (2002, p 205), that retail sector is one of the booming sectors in the global economy today, with not just boom associated but tremendous level of competition also associated to the line of business. Retailing business is mainly the approach from business to consumer, or more commonly stated as B2C approach of a business, whereby, the goods and services are transferred from business to consumers/customers via fixed locations such as departmental stores, display showrooms, etc (Journal of Retailing, p 140). Supermarkets, departmental stores, factory outlets, fast food, grocery shops, are prime examples of retailing business, while the real companies that can

Corporate Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation Essay Example for Free

Corporate Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation Essay A framework refers to a basic conceptional structure of something, a set of facts or ideas that provides the necessary support for something (Steinberg 2009). On the other hand, a learning framework is a programmed academic work that is needed for the Co-operation education completion (Fisher 2008). The framework helps in planning on how objectives and goals of a given individual or organization are achieved. This is done through the use of Co-operative Education Placement organization (CPO) and provides a person’s academic program with a solid foundation. This framework feeds the educators with an expertise foundation concerning learning. It serves as a richly effective system for organizing, addressing and describing learning strengths and weaknesses. Learning framework consists of 8 constructs namely: attention, complex thinking, language, memory, social cognition, neural motor functions, temporal-sequential ordering and spatial Roderick. Learning Goal 1: Being self directed and reflexive learners                Self-directed learning in CPO is not a new concept. Its contributions and related information has been written down. Unfortunately, its notion has a variety of applications and interpretations in the arena of corporate training. Its typical narrow interpretations involve providing learners with some sort of choice in their learning. For example learners are allowed to select one or more courses from structured job training. Reflective learning on the other hand helps in developing self awareness, analytical skills and critical thinking which is important to both students and staff. It helps in informing about what didn’t work or worked, what may be done differently, or how people may develop their practice or behavior. Learning goal 2: Being knowledgeable in the major field of study                Knowledge consists of many varying facets encompassing skills from learning to understand how to create or build how to manage finances, and resonating with nature. My role in acquiring knowledge through CPO is to ensure that education provided consists of all the required skills of running an organization. Key tasks involved                Keep an open mind. Learning always challenges our assumptions and the pre-wired reaction is to ignore the conflicting ideas. Don’t dismiss something automatically as it fails to neatly fit in your current world’s vision. Deciding the type of knowledge you want to acquire. This incorporates two types of knowledge that is specialized knowledge where you want to focus specifically on breadth rather than depth. The other one is specific knowledge where you have to focus on the depth of the skills or information you want to acquire. Get out of the comfort zone. Involves learning things that might based on your keenest interest through engaging in your community activities. Check on boards for local announcement or from your community website. This enhances the access of a number of learning opportunities: classes, dances, community theatre or economic aid. Don’t be afraid to fail. It is the most significant advice in learning on how to be knowledgeable. Owning and learning to your mistake will help in gaining knowledge in your major areas that will help in remembering the correct information better. My personal attributes and role will help my CPO in acquiring the required values and skills necessary in learning. Learning goal 3: Being problem solvers and enquirers (internal environment)                Internal environment involves the factors that influence/affect business operations from within (Coley 2010). The interrelationships within the organization involve how different departments interrelate with one another such as sales, production, marketing, billing and research. The structure of the organization defines how these departments interrelate and interacts with one another, and the chain of commands running through different levels. These interrelationships within the organization are managed by my CPO through provision of the required knowledge and skills. This knowledge is acquired through training that facilitates better relationships within the organization. The organizational chart                From the key tasks in LG2, they all interrelate with one another with a cohesive relationship. In order for the organizational tasks to be completed, a good relationship is needed from the organizational culture to resource management. For effective management of internal relationships, my CPO facilitates through providing managerial skills required in different departments of the organization, the employer should facilitate regular training, favorable working environment, effective means of communication and strong internal controls. LG 3.2- critical enquirers and problem solvers, impacts of external environment on the CPO and industry                External environment involves external factors such as customers and competitors who affect the operations of the business from outside (Xue 2008). My CPO involves a method of combining education based on classroom with practical work experience. Within this sector of the industry, a number of key factors are considered for effective management and better interrelationships. Some of these factors include; the size of the industry, consumer demand of its products and the rate of growth. The current business world has been facing a lot of challenges in its effort of meeting the needs of the customers. A major issue is on the lack of clarity in the scope of the functions of the business. This issue may have a positive impact to my CPO and its industry sector as many business people would be seeking for the relevant knowledge. External stakeholders such as customers, competitors, and the government may contribute to a better relationship if well catered for by the industry. LG 3.3 business management                The topic investigates on the role of management on staffing. This is a very essential area that needs to be carried out with all due knowledge as it determines the progress of the business. Learning goal 4: ethical and social responsibility facing society and business                Ethical means to do with what is wrong and right, based on morality (Cafoliete 2010). Social responsibility is refers to an ethical theory that an individual or organization has an obligation to act for societal benefits (Amaeshi 2013). An ethical decision facilitates better services and creates a good image of an organization. My CPO and industry may consider offering training on how to ethical business characteristics and ensures customer needs are fully met (Bates 2013). Lack of enough skills may lead to a challenge in my CPO on making business decision that is ethical. LG 5: work collaboratively                Communication is a key factor in every business organization. Communication enhances better relationships with others in the industry thus facilitating work collaborations. My strength in this aspect is that my CPO consists of the largest communication department which links with other external organizations. The major weakness is on the poor communication skills currently displayed by many of the departmental attendants. My goal is to ensure that communication has been enhanced and effective channels installed. The strategies to be put in place include; in-service training and workshops should be held regularly, installation of communication devices in all departments and skilled managers employed. In order to assess whether the goals have been achieved, it should be measured in terms of profit margin and the number of customers. Aspect 2: working effectively in teams                Team work is a key tool in enhancing effective operations and increased productivity. It brings unity thus enhancing collaboration with others. The strengths in this aspect are that majority of the group members are of the same age thus works well as a group. The weakness is on the team leadership as my CPO industry has a few experienced managers. My goal is to develop the strongest working team in the industry. The strategies set include ensuring that more skilled managers are employed, workshops held to regular basis to train members on how to have strong working teams. Though it is hard to assess the strength of a team, my industry will check on the interrelationship between the internal and external environments to assess whether the goal has been met. References Amaeshi, K., Nnodim, P. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Augustine, C. H. (2009). Improving school leadership the promise of cohesive leadership systems. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. Bates, C. G. (2013). Global social issues an encyclopedia. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Bender, T. (2012). Discussion-based online teaching to enhance student learning: theory, practice, and assessment (2nd ed.). Sterling, Va.: Stylys. Clayton, P. E. (2009). Essential law for your business: a practical guide to all legal and financial requirements (13th ed.). London: Kogan Page. Fisher, D., Frey, N. (2008). Better learning through structured teaching a framework for the gradual release of responsibility. Alexandria, Va.: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. LaFollette, H. (2010). The Blackwell guide to ethical theory. Oxford, OX, UK: Blackell Publishers. Menon, R., Kumar, R. (2010). The long view from Delhi: to define the Indian grand strategy for foreign policy. New Delhi: Academic Foundation in association with Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations. Schuh, C. (2012). The CPO transforming procurement in the real world. Berkeley, CA: Apress ;. Snoeyenbos, M., Almeder, R. F., Humber, J. M. (2011). Business ethics (3rd ed.). Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books. Steinberg, D. (2009). EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley. Source document

Employment Law Essay examples -- Law

Introduction In many countries the state’s role in employment relations is not something that can be ignored. The state, which is characterized by a set of institutions made of the executive, legislature, the judiciary, the local government and the police, is a system of political domination that exercises power with the legitimate usage of violence, money supply and taxation. The presence of the state in any aspect of life of its citizens is pervasive, whether it is through macroeconomic policies or its role as an employer or even through legislation. In the capitalist world we live in today the state cannot be left out in any aspect pertaining to its citizens. The state (government) is applying policies on the basis that other participants in the employment relations system (employers and the trade unions) cannot manage to take control of all the aspects involved in the work system (Palmer, 2007). Since the federal elections of 2004, the policy of industrial relations issue has been all over. The competing goals of the employees and employers are evident through the trade unions and third parties. The managements’ objectives are paramount with regards to market efficiency with limited space for other interests. Therefore, curtailing trade unions’ activities and setting tribunals to regulate conditions and wages in the name of free markets is increasing. The states talks of advocating for democracy, having limited interventions s as to bring about industrial harmony in certain sectors of the economy, but in practice it has intervened in almost all the sectors of the economy (Adams, 200 ). This therefore begs the question, should the state play an intervening role in employment relations, and if so, to what extent and why? .. ...the sectoral and national interests are integrated to increase productivity. The collective bargaining system should also be independent to develop a more equitable and balanced tripartite relationship (Adams, 2001). Works Cited Adams, J. (2001) .Comparative Industrial Relations: Contemporary Research and Theory. London: Harper CollinsAcademic. Creighton, B. & Stewart, A. (2005). Labour Law. Annandale: The Federation Press. Dunlop, T. (1998). Industrial Relation Stystem.New York: Holt. Keller, K. (2001). The Role of the State as Corporate Actor in Comparative Industrial Relations: Contemporary Research and Theory. London: Harper Collins Academic. Ozaki, M. (1999). Negotiating flexibility: the role of the social partners and the state. London: international Labour Organization. Palmer, G. (2007). Employment Relations. New York: Macmillan Education.

Alcohol Abuse Among the Elderly Essay

Alcohol abuse among the elderly is a widespread problem through the United States. It is hard to discover by physicians and medical providers, because many of these people have been abusing alcohol secretly for years. The population is extremely unlikely to admit that they have problems with alcohol, especially during a routine health care visit. As many as 15% of the population over 65 may be heavy drinkers, although this number is hard to pin down. Elderly people usually drink due to depression, loneliness and lack of social support. Most alcohol abuse comes from a lifetime history; whereas others develop alcoholic drinking patterns later in life. Alcoholism accounts for more than 15% of health care costs in the elderly. It is associated with an estimated 100,000 deaths per year in the United States. Alcohol consumption can produce both benefits and risks. In terms of benefits, men who drink two to six alcoholic beverages per week have decreased mortality rates and lower cardiovascular disease when compared with abstainers. On the negative side, two studies of 300,000 men demonstrated increased mortality among those consuming more than 2 to 3 drinks daily. Women, are more affected by less alcohol than men, perhaps because they have a lower blood volume, and so it’s distribution and decreased activity for gastric alcohol dehydrogenase are increased. The primary care physician plays an important role in making the diagnosis and in helping the older alcoholic receive proper medical and psychological care. As patients grow older, and develop conditions that require prescription and over the counter medications, opportunities for dangerous alcohol/drug interactions increase. Elderly patients should be encouraged to monitor their alcohol intake so that it does not conflict with their medications. When a problem is identified, begin by counseling patients and the family. Increased social support may be all that is needed to stop excessive alcohol consumption by some older patients. Reference Butler, Robert (June, 1998) Alcoholism and the later years. Geriatrics pg. 1-2.

Individual Organizational Structure Paper Essay

There are two types of organizational structures. The vertical structure and the horizontal structure. Vertical structures have a chain of management which usually reaches from the CEO at the top making any and all decisions and then delegating authority to all the lower-level managers. The horizontal structure which is often referred to as flat structure, have close to no middle managers which means that high level managers handle all the typical day-to-day tasks as well as interacting with the customers and employees. Since most new companies and small businesses will opt for the flat structure because of the fact that they have a more limited amount of employees. The smaller the business is, the more intimate it is. The lack of large workloads means that management styles are going to be more informal than formal. This means that companies like Wal-Mart, Sam’s Club, and even Chevron will be vertically structures whereas mom and pop shops will be more of a horizontally structures company. Since I am currently 6 months pregnant and crazing Mexican food, I will have to use this as my company organizational structure comparison. I will begin with Taco Bell. Because it is a chain, it has the vertical organizational structure. The CEO makes most if not all of the decisions while the lower to middle level management enforces all decisions and rules. There is however, an amazing restaurant in San Marcos Texas called Gracias. They serve in my opinion, the BEST cheese enchiladas in the whole world. Now, there are only four restaurants in south Texas and each of them is owned by one person, but each store does its own thing. Depending on which day you go into the restaurant, you might get the waitresses that know that  ordering a half and half means an iced tea, half sweetened and the other half UN sweetened. Also, depending on which store you go into and which day you go, you might get the enchiladas with too much Cumin on them, or the ones that are just perfect. Each store has their set recipes, but it is always up to the cook how they want to prepare the food. The difference between this and Taco Bell is that Taco Bell’s food is pre-made, freeze dried, and more expensive. They do not make anything, everything is just put together for them and they must arrange it in the proper order. They are preparing it rather than cooking it. The stores themselves are arranged how the manager of that store wants it to look. The only thing the same is the menu and the sign out front. Taco Bell has everything looking the same, with no differences. Since CEO’s like structure and duplication, there is no room for difference or creativity. In a horizontal structure, there is room for differences because it is a smaller business where the rules are more lax. In my personal opinion, I will always prefer the smaller stores or the horizontal businesses. You get more attention in these kinds of places. They get less business because they are not as well-known and not as crowded all the time. Because they do not advertise on the television, they are reserved for locals more than tourist or people that are just passing through. Since there is no real HR department, you must work things out with fellow employees or managers. There are always laws that will protect you regardless of who your business owner is, but there is not a specific department that handles those kinds of things within the company. The location is key in this situation because it is hidden in a smaller part of an old neighborhood. All four of the stores are. This is perfect because you have the chains closer to the highway so people can get in and out quick without getting lost in the city. Since this restaurant is more directed to locals, only true locals know about it. This restaurant is ALWAYS packed on the weekends and usually full during lunch hours during the week, while Taco Bell gets I’s regular business from time to time. Because the food is better, the service is more personal, and the environment is home town, this makes it a better place over all to enjoy a good meal. Since there are only  four stores compared to the thousands that Taco Bell owns, there is less revenue, but since it is a family business, there is no need to share the money with a lot of outside investors or business men/women. Another example would be Wal-Mart versus Buda Grocery. Wal-Mart is a major shopping center chain t hat is run by many different CEO’s and higher ups. They make decisions that directly benefit themselves and hire and fire employees freely because they feel like employees are a dime a dozen. They expect middle management to run most if not all the day to day business and handle as well as track all revenue. Buda Grocery is a tiny store with 4 aisles in the small town of Buda Texas. Its owners, Mr. and Mrs. Montague, have run the store for almost 50 years and they inherited it from Mr. Montague’s father before him. There are 3 employees other than the couple themselves. George is the butcher, he took the position when Mr. Montague got too old to cut the meat himself. George is almost exact with any and all weight of meat the first time without having to put any back. Sue is the cashier and is one of the sweetest women in the world. She never has a frown on her face. Finally, they have a college student come in from time to time to help with the store up-keep and stocking. I never got his name. Mrs. Montague is the book keeper/manager. She does all the ordering as well as any HR work that needs to be done and tracks the revenue as well as signs the checks. The store was sold to a different owner when Mr. Montage died of a heart attack in 2004 and Mrs. Montague could not run it on her own. The new owners have since then re-modeled the store with beer advertisements and even included an extra aisle for adults only. The store before was a dry store, which meant that they did not sell beer or alcohol. It is sad to see what kind of changes the business has faced, but it is still a horizontal organizational structure until this chain becomes big enough to own more and more stores like this. In conclusion, we can see the differences between a vertical organizational structure, where the rules are passed down and expected to be followed through with, and a horizontal structure where things are done depending on how well they work for each department or store. Each structure works well in its own way, but I always feel more comfortable in a horizontal situation because there is room for error. You never have to fear about the higher ups coming to evaluate everything because you are the higher ups. Things are more lax because it just works better that way. REFERENCES: Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2011). Management: Leading & collaborating in a competitive world (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Green, Sarah. Personal Experience, (2010). Being a customer of Buda Grocery for over 20 years.

Free Essays on Hesiods Theogony

, often designating commodities, but also social institutions such as kingship with its complex functions and trappings of ritual. The treaties cast by Aegean and Near Eastern kings contain similar formulas. Means of accounting, counting, and weighing are similar or identical. No one disputes the Near Eastern origin of writing on clay tablets or of the Greek alphabet. Musical instruments, and no doubt how they were played and for what reasons, are the same in East and West, as are... Free Essays on Hesiod's Theogony Free Essays on Hesiod's Theogony In M. L. West's exemplary edition of Hesiod's Theogony, published in 1966, W. claimed that "Greece is part of Asia; Greek literature is a Near Eastern literature" (p. 31), a remarkable claim when everyone knew that Greece is part of Europe and its literature unlike anything that appeared in the Near East. Yet in the last thirty years others have made similar claims. W. Burkert, especially, argued that "Akkadian cuneiform side by side with Aramaic, Phoenician, and Greek alphabetic script produces a continuum of written culture in the eighth century which stretches from the Euphrates to Italy" (The Orientalizing Revolution, Cambridge, Mass., 1992, p. 31). Here W. sets out to prove his thesis, now a generation old, and we might be disturbed that he has succeeded so well. There are twelve chapters, which I will briefly review in order. In the first chapter, "Aegean and Orient," W. takes a bird's-eye view of salient features of Near Eastern and Aegean cultures that for explanation cry out for direct transmission or a common origin. He does not say this, but if one were to compare Bronze Age Greece with Bronze Age China or the Hopi Indians of Arizona one would not expect to find such common elements, here traceable to ancient routes of trade and communication over north Syria, through Cyprus and Rhodes, to Crete and the Aegean. These are cultural artifacts and not the result of parallel evolution. Such common elements include a substantial list of loan words, often designating commodities, but also social institutions such as kingship with its complex functions and trappings of ritual. The treaties cast by Aegean and Near Eastern kings contain similar formulas. Means of accounting, counting, and weighing are similar or identical. No one disputes the Near Eastern origin of writing on clay tablets or of the Greek alphabet. Musical instruments, and no doubt how they were played and for what reasons, are the same in East and West, as are...

The Meaning of Other in Sociology

The Meaning of Other in Sociology In classical sociology, other is a concept in the study of social life through which we define relationships. We encounter two distinct types of others in relation to ourselves. Significant Other A â€Å"significant other† is someone about whom we have some degree of specific knowledge and thus we pay attention to what we perceive to be his or her personal thoughts, feelings or expectations. In this case, significant does not mean that the person is important, and it doesnt refer to the common parlance of a romantic relationship. Archie O. Haller, Edward L. Fink, and Joseph Woelfel of the University of Wisconsin performed the first scientific research and measurements of the influence of significant others on individuals. Haller, Fink, and Woelfel surveyed 100 adolescents in Wisconsin and measured their educational and occupational aspirations while also identifying the group of other individuals who interacted with the students and were mentors for them. Then they measured the impact of the significant others and their expectations for the teens educational possibilities. The results found that the expectations of the significant had the single most powerful influence on the students own aspirations. Generalized Other The second type of other is the â€Å"generalized other,† which we experience primarily as an abstract social status and the role that goes with it. It was developed by George Herbert Mead as a core concept in his discussion of the social genesis of the self. According to Mead, the self lives in an individuals ability to account for himself as a social being. This also requires a person to account for the role of the other as well as how his or her actions could affect a group. The generalized other represents the collection of roles and attitudes that people use as a reference to figure out how to behave in any particular situation. According to Mead: Selves develop in social contexts as people learn to take the roles of their consociates such that they can with a fair degree of accuracy predict how one set of actions is likely to generate fairly predictable responses. People develop these capacities in the process of interacting with one another, sharing meaningful symbols, and developing and using language to create, refine, and assign meanings to social objects (including themselves). For people to engage in complex and intricate social processes, they have to develop a sense of expectationsthe rules, roles, norms, and understanding that make responses predictable and understandable. When you learn these rules as distinct from others, the aggregate comprises a generalized other. Examples of the Other A significant other: We might know that the corner grocery store clerk likes children or does not like it when people ask to use the restroom. As an â€Å"other,† this person is significant in that we pay attention not only to what grocers are generally like, but also what we know about this particular grocer. A generalized other: When we enter a grocery store without any knowledge of the grocer, our expectations are based only on knowledge of grocers and customers in general and what is usually supposed to take place when they interact. Thus when we interact with this grocer, our only basis for knowledge is the generalized other.

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Finance - Essay Example In addition to positioning its luxury brands, it has also targeted international diversity, which resulted in the company’s achievement of constant growth without any barrier. Company maintains a good relationship with its stakeholders as well as employees by establishing important policies and procedures for their development. It is LVMH’s responsibility to ensure that labor standards and company’s supplier code of conduct are respected by the suppliers. Whenever improvements are required, supplier audits are conducted and corrective actions are taken. The company has advantage in supply chain that entails lower risk, which is a result of good vertical integration. Through a well-strategized system of advertising, it has remained to maintain its lead in fashion. The company strongly believes in maintaining quality and creating brand image through innovation. II Company Strengths and Weaknesses: 1. LVMH’s financial performance from 2009 to 2011: Return on Common Equity Ratio: This ratio measures the achievement of an organization in generating profit for the advantage of common stockholders. It is calculated by dividing the net income obtainable for common stockholders by their common equity. It is calculated as follows: â€Å"Return on Common equity = (net profit - preferred share dividends) / (shareholders equity- preferred shares)† (Return on Common Equity Ratio n.d.). Solution: Year 2009 2010 2011 Net income 1,755 3,032 3,065 Note: Data’s taken from the 2009 to 2011 financial statement of LVMH. Net Income available for common stockholders: 1,755-21=1734 (2009) 3,032-20=3012 (2010) 3,065-61=3004 (2011) Average Common Stockholders’ Equity: 2009= (100) + 1,186/2 =543 2010= 1,186+ 1,679/2 = 1432.5 2011= 1,679+33/2 = 856 Therefore, Return on Common equity = 1734/543*100=319.34% (2009) 3012/1432.5*100=210.26 % (2010) 3004/856*100=350.93 % (2011) Dividend Payout Ratio: This is the amount of dividends paid to stockho lders in relation to the amount of total net profit of an organization. The amount that is left after paying dividends to stockholders is kept aside by the firm for development. This amount that is reserved by the firm is called retained earnings. It is calculated as follows: â€Å"Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividend per Share / Earnings per Share (EPS) x 100%† (Dividend Payout Ratio n.d.). Solution: 1.65/ 3.71*100 =44.5% (2009) 2.10/ 6.36*100 = 33% (2010) 2.60/ 6.27*100=41.47% (2011) Ratio 2009 2010 2011 Return on Common Equity 319.34% 210.26% 350.93% Dividend Payout Ratio 44.5% 33% 41.47% Note: Data’s taken from the 2009 to 2011 financial statement of LVMH. Interpretation: Return on equity shows the company’s profitability in terms of how much the company has earned from the investment made by common stock owners. It is a measurement of efficiency more than a measurement of profit. In 2011, return on equity for LVMH was 350.93%, which is a higher percentage than it was in the year 2009 and 2010, as shown in the table. Payout ratio here is 41.47% which is below 100% and it means that the business has grown rapidly and that it has a lot of opportunities for expansion, thus the reason for payout ratio to be low. Both